10 Things You Should Know About Gender in Spanish

10 Things You Should Know About Gender in Spanish Here are 10 facts about Spanish gender that will be useful as you learn the language: 1. Gender is a way of classifying nouns into two categories. Spanish nouns are masculine or feminine, although there are a few that are ambiguous, meaning that Spanish speakers are inconsistent in which gender is applied to them. Also, some nouns, particularly those that refer to people, can be masculine or feminine depending on whether they refer to a male or female, respectively. The grammatical significance of gender is that adjectives  and articles referring to nouns must be of the same gender as the nouns they refer to. 2. Spanish also has a neuter gender that applies to one definite article and a few pronouns. By using the definite article lo, it is possible to make an adjective function as if it were a neuter noun. The neuter pronouns generally are used to refer to ideas or concepts rather than to things or people. They can also be used to things whose identities arent known, as in  ¿Quà © es eso? for What is that? 3. Except when referring to people and some animals, the gender of a noun is arbitrary. Thus, things associated with females can be masculine (for example, un vestido, a dress). And things associated with males (for example, virilidad, masculinity) can be feminine. In other words, there is no way to predict a nouns gender from its meaning. For example, silla and mesa (chair and table, respectively) are feminine, but taburete and sof (stool and couch) are masculine. 4. Although feminine words as a general rule refer to females, and masculine words to females, it is possible to do the opposite. The words for man and woman, hombre and mujer, respectively, are the gender youd expect, as are words for girl and boy, chica and chico. But it is important to remember that the gender of a noun attaches to the word itself rather than to what it refers. So persona, the word for person, is feminine regardless of who it refers to, and the word for baby, bebà ©, is masculine. 5. Spanish grammar has a preference for the masculine gender. The masculine might be considered the default gender. Where masculine and feminine forms of a word exist, it is the masculine that is listed in dictionaries. Also, new words that enter the language are typically masculine unless theres a reason to treat the word otherwise. For example, the imported English words marketing, suà ©ter (sweater), and sndwich are all masculine. Web, referring to a computer network, is feminine, probably because it as a shortened form of pgina web (web page), and pgina is feminine. 6. Many words have separate masculine and feminine forms. Most if not all of these are used for referring to people or animals. In most cases for singular nouns and adjectives, the feminine form is made by adding an a to the masculine form or changing an ending e or o to a. A few examples: amigo (male friend), amiga (female friend)profesor (male teacher), profesora (female teacher)sirviente (male servant), sirvienta (female servant) A few words have irregular differences: tigre (male tiger), tigresa (female tiger)rey (king), reina (queen)actor (actor), actriz (actress)toro (bull), vaca (cow) 7. There are a few exceptions to the rule that words ending in o are masculine and many exceptions to the rule that words ending in a are feminine. Among the feminine o words are mano (hand), foto (photo), and disco (disco). Among the masculine a words are numerous words of Greek origin such as dilema (dilemma), drama, tema (subject), and holograma (hologram). Also, many a words that refer to occupations or types of people - among them atleta (athlete), hipà ³crita (hypocrite), and dentista (dentist) - can be either masculine or feminine. 8. As the culture in which Spanish is spoken changes, so is the way the language treats gender as it applies to people. For example, at one time la doctora almost always referred to a doctors wife, and la jueza referred to the wife of the judge. But these days, those same terms usually mean a female doctor and judge, respectively. Also, it is becoming more common to use terms such as la doctor (rather than la doctora) and la juez (rather than la jueza) when referring to female professionals. 9. The masculine form is used to refer to mixed groups of males and females. Thus, depending on the context, los muchachos can mean either the children or the boys. Las muchachas can refer only to the girls. Even padres (padre is the word for father) can refer to parents, not just fathers. However, the use of both masculine and feminine forms - such as muchachos y muchachas for boys and girls rather than just muchachos - is growing more common. 10. In colloquial written Spanish, it is becoming more common to use as a way of indicating that a word can refer to either males of females. In traditional Spanish, if you were writing a letter to a group of friends, you might open with the masculine form, Queridos amigos, for Dear friends even if your friends are of both sexes. Some writers these days would use Querids amigs instead. Note that the at symbol, known as the arroba in Spanish, looks something like a combination of an a and an o.

The Use or Threat of Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Use or Threat of Violence - Essay Example The public expects the use of violence from police if a situation requires a necessary force. If this they do not show this power, the public may display an intolerable arrogance that may result in disorder. Police brutality is necessary for people who have no disregard for human life, such as violent inmates. Necessary force ensures that such people do not influence others or cause unnecessary damage. Law enforcers risk their lives in the line of duty and should do anything possible to ensure they are safe and safeguard their lives. If a suspect hits a police officer with a stone and inflicts serious injury, the necessary response is the use of a baton or a gun. Although laws in the Constitution protect it, there is no proper definition of excessive force, and it characterizes reacting to the situation at hand to achieve a legitimate goal. Law enforcers need all the necessary permission to handle situations, most of which are not outlined in the Constitution. Individuals are differe nt, and the actions of one criminal are not comparable to another. Similarly, threats and violence are not applicable in similar measure to different criminals, hence it cannot be restricted or outlined on how to go about it. The law enforcing system may be failing to some extent, and there is the need for some police to ensure they perform their duties to their capability, even if it means introducing excessive and necessary force. There is the need to use necessary force to subdue a person in case one resists arrest.

Museums In Between Social Duty and Controversy Assignment

Museums In Between Social Duty and Controversy - Assignment Example Traditionally museums have collected and exhibited fine art, natural history, ancient history, and ethnography. Due to this lack of interest in historical collections, the 1976 exhibitions in Western Australia contained "nothing about Aboriginal history: it remained elsewhere within a safer context of anthropology. There were few women. A large model of Queen Victoria and a little later a very genteel parlor scene constituted the sole female presence in the gallery." (Anderson, Selling) These were two of the major issues that later have shaken the tranquil world of Australian museums. Aborigine history and women's contribution to social development have superficially been approached and even diminished by setting specific exhibitions in locations that belittle their importance - as for instance is the case of the Powerhouse Museum reopening exhibit in 1988. (Anderson, Selling) Feminist groups have become increasingly displeased with the dim presence of women's history in public exhib its. They have also protested against the male predominance in museums managements and "have formed a separate association within the museum professional organization, to promote debate on this issue and to raise the profile of women in the profession." (Anderson, Selling) At the Powerhouse Museum, "women are largely absent", or whenever present, they "are cast as the passive recipients of technological advance"(ibid). It goes the same with the Museum of Victoria, which is 1985 exhibited the "Story of Victoria" where women are present in a small section that dealt with "women's suffrage and with one of the women's early strikes"(ibid) but nothing more.

The Uses of Spatial Analysis In Organization Research Paper

The Uses of Spatial Analysis In Organization - Research Paper Example the visual viewpoint phenomenon’s spatial distribution, it is very important that the available patterns are translated into measurable considerations and objective. While White & Engelen (1997), give their description of what spatial analysis is Miller, (2004), asserts that it involves all of the formal mechanisms that are used in the study of entities by the use of geometric properties, geographic properties or even topological properties. Spatial analysis as a phrase means various or different mechanisms, whereby majority are still in the initial stages of development, by the use of various analytic methods and used in different areas like astronomy, where it is used in the studies of the galaxies’ positioning in the cosmos, and chipping of fabrication engineering. Moreover, it is always used in a much constricted sense in the description of the mechanisms that are used in the structures at the scale of humans, particularly in the appraisal of the geographic data. So metimes, it is even used in referring to particular mechanism in one research area like the description of geostatistics (Goodchild, 1987). In their article, Fotheringham & Rogerson (1993), say that there are some complicated issues that normally come up in this kind of analysis, whereby most of them seem not to be defined in a clear manner, as well as not resolved well, however, they form the foundation for the present research. The one that appears to be the most critical one is the difficulty of the definition of the specific location of the entity’s that are being investigated. For instance, when we take a look at the study on the health of human beings, we find that the position of individuals could be defined with a point or mark put at their dwelling place, or even with a mark that is put... This essay stresses that it continues using it as companies usually change tactics that can make or enable then remain relevant and survive in the market. This is a strategy that can help in identifying the competitors even if they change tactics by changing names and locations so as to bring confusion. It should be the sole responsibility of the top management of the company to ensure that the researches using this model are continued or maintained by investing heavily in it so as to give it the necessary support, as its results or benefits are clear. The company uses this method of study in trying to find the best place that it can set its branches so as to avoid making mistakes. On the other hand, it also enables the company to maintain the relative strategies of location, such as taking into consideration the competitor’s location. This paper makes a conclusion that business is just as dirty game as politics and being smarter is the only key to success. It is true that different companies try to outdo each other and the best thing is always to adopt the most appropriate strategies so as to come out on top of the others. The path that Wells Fargo took of doing research using the spatial strategy is a good one and has appeared fruitful. The company has been able to identify the most appropriate places of setting up its branches as well as finding out the location of its major competitors.

Hamilton county judges Essay Example for Free

Hamilton county judges Essay Hamilton County judges try thousands of cases per year. In an overwhelming majority of the cases disposed, the verdict stands as rendered. However, some cases are appealed, and of those appealed, some of the cases ae reversed. Kristen DelGuzzi of The Cincinnati Enquirer conducted a study of case handled by Hamilton County judges over the years 1994 through 1996 (The Cincinnati Enquirer, January 11, 1998). Shown in Judge.xls are the results for 182,908 cases handled (disposed) by 38 judges in Common Pleas Court, Domestic Relation Court, and Municipal Court. Two of the judges (Dinkelacker and Hogan) did not serve in the same court for the entire three-year period. The purpose of the newspape’s study was to evaluate the performance of the judges. Appeals are often the result of mistakes made by judges, and the newspaper wanted to know which judges were doing a good job and which were making too many mistakes. You are called in to assis in the data analysis. Use your knowledge of probability and conditional probability to help with the ranking of the judges. You also may be able to analyze the likelihood of appeal and reversal for cases handled by different courts. Managerial Report Prepare a report with your rankings of the judges. Also, include an analysis of the likelihood of appeal and case reversal in the three courts. At a minimum, your report should incluse the following: a. The probability of cases being appealed and reversed in the thee different courts. b. The probability of a case being appealed for each judge. c. The probability of a case being reversed for each judge. d. The probability of reversal given an appeal for each judge. e. Rank the judges within each court. State the criteria you used and provide a rational for your choice.

Holocaust Denial: A New Anti- Semitism Essay examples -- jews, holocau

Are You in Denial? Imagine if someone said that everything that happen to you in your life was a lie. The Holocaust survivors have to go through the rest of their life being told what they went through was a lie. These people are called Holocaust deniers, and they say the Holocaust never happened and teach other people to believe that it never happened. Holocaust denial is very wrong because it is prejudice toward Jews, hurtful to Holocaust survivors, and some things deniers say are not true. Denying the Holocaust is pretty much being prejudice toward Jews. Not only are Holocaust deniers a threat to the Jews, but also to people who believe in the truth. Deniers of the Holocaust and their arguments are said to be prejudice against Jews and hating on Jews (Lipstadt). Imagine how this makes some Jews feel. Denying the Holocaust in some countries is a crime, which makes Jews receive vindication, but Holocaust denial still takes place. Although Holocaust denial is a crime in some places, the freedom of speech law is obliterating all laws having to do with Holocaust denial. Some people wonder if Holocaust deniers actually mean to show hatred toward Jews. Even if Holocaust deniers do not mean to hurt Holocaust survivors they have to realize eventually how much it hurts Jews, and that is when they should stop immediately. It is said spreading prejudice and hatred toward Jews is the goal of most professional Holocaust deniers (Cooper). Since Holocaust deniers are prejudice toward Jews, Holocaust denial is a new anti-semitism. If it were me in this situation I think that it would make me feel awful to hurt Jews and people who believe, the Holocaust occurred. The Jews do not deserve to be treated that way. Holocaust denial and things... ... Holocaust. (1999) 133 Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Dworkin, Ronald. â€Å"Even bigots and Holocaust deniers must have their say.† The Guardian. (14 Feb. 2006.) Web. 15 Nov. 2013. Fischel, Jack. â€Å"The New Anti-Semitic Axis: Holocaust Denial, Black Nationalism, And The Crisis On Our College Campuses.† Virginia Quarterly Review. 71.2 (1995): 210-225. Literary Reference Center. Web. 5 Dec. 2013. Lipstadt, Deborah. â€Å"Holocaust Denial and the Compelling Force of Reason.† Patterns of Prejudice. 26. 1-2 (1992.) Web. 18 Nov. 2013. McNamara, Lawrence. â€Å"History, Memory, and Judgement: Holocaust Denial, The History Wars and Law’s Problems with the Past.† Sydney Law Review. 26:353 (2004): 353-394. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. Najarian, James. â€Å"Gnawing at History: The Rhetoric of Holocaust Denial.† Literary Reference Center. 39.1 Web. 8 Dec. 2013. 

Causes and Effects of Child Labor Essay

​Child labor is the act of the employment of children that harms them or prevents them from attending school. An innumerable amount of children from all around the world lose their innocence to being employed in dreadful occupations. Have you ever wondered when did this inhumane act start? The history of child labor can be dated back to the Industrial Revolution. During that era, children were forced to work in hazardous conditions with insufficient pay. They would suffer for countless hours in dangerous environments for the sake of overcoming financial difficulties. This essay will discuss the causes and effects of child labor during and after the Industrial Revolution. ​There are many causes of child labor. To begin with, the main reason why children were employed is because of the extreme poverty and overpopulation. Poverty-stricken families tend to have a lot of children, thus their progeny become a burden. The children cause more financial distress to their parents; so having them work would alleviate the troubles they are going through even though it might still be inadequate to support the indigent family. Moreover, another cause is migration of families from the rural areas to the urban areas with the optimism of having a better life. Sadly, their expectations of having good jobs were not met, however; a more exasperating life struck them in their new area. In most cases, all of the family members ended up working to avoid being impoverished. Furthermore, another cause is the lack of education. The ignorance of the parents prevents the children from having a normal childhood, they make them sweep chimneys and work in factories that have toxic materials and dangerous machinery. The children go through these obstacles while their parents stay at home, unemployed. Also, those uneducated parents do not understand the significance of learning is in the children’s life, and working prevents them from getting the essential education they need. Since working at a very young age has many causes, it must also have many severe consequences that affect both the children and their society. ​The effects of child labor are countless. First of all, the children who find difficulties in working or make a very small amount of money usually end up begging on the streets. They would give up their dignity just to earn a little amount of money. Also, in many situations, they fall into the dark side of life and become thieves just to earn cash  the rapid way. Additionally, many children face many health problems, both physical and mental, as a result of being exposed to hazardous materials and working for countless hours in a harsh workplace. Their physical health will be damaged due to being surrounded by harmful materials in their workplace, for the child might accidentally inhale or ingest the chemicals. The children’s mental health can also be damaged by the employers who do not care about them. The employer thinks that he/she can get away with mistreating the children because they are young and unaware of their rights by constantly threatening and verbally abusing them. However, this will severely affect the child as they approach adulthood. ​In conclusion, child labor is an inhumane act that makes children, no matter how old, work in the toughest situations, which started in the Industrial Revolution. The causes of child labor contain being poor, moving from one area to another, and their parents being unschooled. The result of child labor includes turning children into beggars and thieves, and causing severe health problems.