Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Global Warming - Essay Example This is a difficult dilemma, because the effects of climate change will manifest themselves in different ways in different regions, from pole to pole. The political reasoning of the problem solution suggests that all countries need to make coordinated and deliberate actions based on special international conventions on climate change. Scientists and international scientific community are now under a tremendous pressure, as a correct identification of climate change trends and its main consequences in the future will save humanity from immense ills and, vice versa, adoption of expensive measures without sufficient scientific grounds will lead to huge economic losses. Global Warming Its easiest definition runs that global warming is a gradual increase in average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans in the 20th and 21st centuries. Scientific judgments, expressed by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, directly supported by National Academies of Sciences o f the Big Eight, say that the average temperature on Earth has risen by 0.7 Â ° C since the Industrial Revolution (the second half of the 18th century) and a considerable proportion of observed warming over the past 50 years was caused by human activities, primarily by gas emission (carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)), that cause the greenhouse effect (Mank 1). The increase in average global temperature led to a decrease in continental glaciers. In addition, we should expect a decrease of the permafrost zone, which presently occupies a significant part of the planet, as well as anticipate changes in the methods of management, farming, construction, etc. in the zone itself. Measurements and calculations showed that for the last 100 years mountain glaciers have decreased by approximately 2.000 cubical kilometers; the annual decline averaged 0.06% of the total mass of Alpine ice. Signs of glaciers’ degradation are observed in all regions of the Arctic, where global warming manifests itself to the maximum extent. Climate warming leads to sea levels rise. Over the past 20 years the rate of increase has doubled and reached 2.5 cm/yr. This rise promises significant environmental consequences. Saltwater intrusion in deltas of the major rivers will destroy protected habitat for wild animals and birds, spawning grounds for fish. Sea level rise will increase a probability of devastating storms. The issue of dams’ building needs to be thought through today. About 70% of the seaside is currently being destroyed as a result of natural lift of water and increasing human activities. This process will be further exacerbated by global warming. So, according to the UN Environment Program data, in the Nile Delta, for example, one-fifth of the arable land of Egypt can be flooded by rising water, which will affect about 10 million people (Mank 3). Scientists state that in addition to sea-level rise, rise of global temperature will lead to changes in the quantity and distribution of precipitation. As a result, there is a strong possibility of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, etc.; harvests will fall in the affected areas and will increase in other zones (due to increasing concentration of carbon dioxide). Climate warming may cause a geographic

Brain Injury Essay Example for Free

Brain Injury Essay Describe the possible signs, symptoms, indicators or behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding. A Person may abuse by either inflicting harm or failing to prevent the harm occurring. Some of the behaviours indicating possible concern with regards to safeguarding children are: Physical abuse: such as bruises to parts of the body, fingertip bruising (grasp mark), bruises of different ages in the same place. Outline bruises (hand prints, belts or shoes). It could be burns, bites and scars and fractures, poisoning or drowning. Physical harm could also be when a parent/carer makes up medical symptoms or deliberately causes illness in a child/young person Neglect: such as the child/young person being undernourished, having dirty skin and hair, dirty or soiled clothing, inappropriate clothing for the weather, hunger and stealing food, always being tired, being withdrawn, being left unsupervised inappropriately and not being given any medical care. Neglect may also occur in pregnancy, if the mother is taking illegal drugs or excessive alcohol. Sexual: abuse such as recurrent urinary infections, genital and rectal itching and soreness, inappropriate behaviour regarding age and ability, inappropriate level of sexual knowledge, and sexual abusive behaviour toward others, lack of trust, regression, become isolated and withdrawn. Emotional abuse such as low self-esteem, attention seeking behaviour, nervous behaviour, continual rocking, hair twisting, delayed development, and self harming. Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and procedures of own setting If a child or young person alleges they have been harmed or abused I would listen carefully to them and stay calm. I would not show repulsion or shock. I would show that I believed the child and would reassure them. I would give them time to talk and wouldn’t hurry them. I would take notes ‘in the moment’ and record facts correctly. I would not put words into their mouths or ask closed questions I.E: â€Å"What happened, rather than did they hit you?† I would let them talk as much as they wanted to and not interrupt them. I would not promise the child/young person that I would not tell anyone and explain that I may have to tell the appropriate people. The degree of confidentiality will be governed by the need to protect the child/young person. Depending on the situation I would either call my supervisor or manager to discuss there and then, or go straight back to the office and discuss face to face with my supervisor or manager. I would then type up the report whilst it was fresh in my mind. If the child was not safe or at risk of harm and had to be removed from the home I would wait until the appropriate people attended. Depending on the severity of the abuse, I may call the police, child protection and health professionals. We have a duty of care by law to report any safeguarding issues/concerns with the appropriate people. We should NOT confront an alleged abuser.

St Thomas Aquinas Five Ways Philosophy Essay

St Thomas Aquinas Five Ways Philosophy Essay St. Thomas Aquinas is most famous for his Five Ways. He regarded that the ontological argument as invalid. We cannot prove that God exists, merely by considering the word God, as the ontological argument in effect supposes. For that strategy work, we would have to presume to know Gods essence. The proposition of God exists is not self-evident to us mere mortals. Although people can prove Gods existence in several ways, we cannot do it just by examining the concept of God. We have to consider what it is about nature that makes it manifest that it requires God as its original cause. According to Aquinas, the existence of God can be proved are in fact five, and it is his most famous Five Ways The first way to prove that God exists is to consider the fact that natural things are in motion. According to Aquinas, a first mover must exist. If first mover do not exists, there would be no other mover and nothing would be in motion. It means all the natural things are in motion, and it needs another moving thing to move it. As we look around the world and survey move things, it becomes clear that they do not put themselves into motion. But all things are all in motion, and they cannot move by their own, therefore, a first mover must exist and it is not moved by other, and that thing is God. The most important idea Aquinas wants to say is that things do not put themselves into motion, do not suppose that he thought that people cannot get up out of their chair and walk across the room. He means that things do not just bring themselves into existence, there must be someone put themselves into motion. The second way of proving Gods existence is kind of similar to the first one. Aquinas says in the world of sensible things, nothing causes itself. It means everything is causes by something else. It has to be a first cause, if there have no first cause exist, there would be no first effect. In fact, there would be no second or third effect either. If first causes must exist, then we must admit that is God. Aquinas did not say anything in either of the first two proofs about things being moved or caused by earlier motion or causes. The various motions and causes he is talking about are simultaneous. In Aquinass opinion, there is no philosophical reason that the chain of causes could not go back infinitely. But there cannot be an infinite series of simultaneous causes or movers. His argument is that things must be causes by something earlier, and because this chain of causes cannot go back infinitely, therefore, it must have a first cause, and it is God. The Big Bang theory is a good example to proof Aquinass theory. The Big Bang is accepted by most scientists that the universe is an explosion. The Big Bang is the beginning of space and time of matter and energy, and it is the beginning of our expanding universe. But the universe does have an absolute beginning, which was a first physical event. It is difficult to believe that the first physical event has no explanation, for that amounts to saying that the entire universe is just a chance occurrence. If the physical event is explicable, then it would seem that the explanation must refer to some sort of nonphysical phenomenon, which is God. The third way is the most complicated of the Five Ways, God is the necessary of our being existence. Aquinas says everything can lay our hands on belongs to need-not-exist category, if everything belongs to this category, then at one time nothing existed, and then it would have been impossible for anything to have begun to exist, and thus even now nothing would exist. There must exist something the existence of which is necessary. Aquinas believed that he had not yet ruled out the possibility that the necessity of this necessary being might be caused by another necessary being, whose necessity might be caused by another. He asserted that it is impossible to go on to infinity in necessary things which have their necessity caused by another. Therefore, he concludes that there must be some necessary being that has its own necessity, and that is God. Aquinass first three proofs of Gods existence are versions of what today is called the cosmological argument. The cosmological argument is actually not one argument but a type of argument. This type of argument means that the existence of contingent things, things that could possibly not have existed, points to the existence of a noncontingent or necessary being, God, as their ultimate cause or source of being. Aquinass fourth way to prove God is the gradation to be found in things. It has to consider the fact that all natural things possess degrees of goodness, truth, nobility, and all other perfections. The gradation in things in the sense that something can be more good. Therefore, there must be that which is the source of these perfections, namely, pure goodness and truth, and this is what we call God. The fourth proof about the existence of goodness or good things is called the moral argument. This argument is supporting the existence of God, it argues that God is the best and is the only explanation for morality. God is the best moral for everything; God must exist to support that moral order exists. The last way to proof of Gods existence is predicated on the observation that natural things act for an end or purpose. That is, they function in accordance with a plan or design. Accordingly, an intelligent being exists by which things are directed toward their end, and this intelligent being is God. Arguments like Aquinass fifth proof, according to which the apparent purposefulness or orderliness of the universe or its parts or structure points to the existence of a divine designer, are called teleological arguments. The teleological argument suggests that, given this premise, the existence of a designer can be assumed, typically presented as God. According to Aquinas, some theological truths, truths of revelation, are such that philosophy could never discover them. For example, philosophy cannot establish that the universe had a beginning and is not eternal. And not everything discovered by philosophy is important for salvation. But philosophy and theology, although separate disciplines, are not incompatible, they complement each other. From standpoint of theology, that God exists is a given, a truth that people start out knowing. Thus, Aquinass proofs of Gods existence are philosophical proofs. They do not depend for their soundness on any religious principles.

Fossil Fuels :: Coal Petroleum Natural Gas

Part One - Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fossil Fuels are the most important energy sources in our world today. The overwhelming majority of the energy used in the world comes from the burning of three major fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are a non-renewable source of energy. They are formed over a very long period of time; the fossil fuels on earth today were formed from plants and animals that lived up to 300 million years ago. These fossil fuels are found in deposits deep beneath the earth. The fuels are burned to release the chemical energy that is stored within this resource. Energy is essential to modern society as we know it. Over 85% of our energy demands are met by the combustion of fossil fuels. Part Two – Formation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Going back to the earlier days of Earth, the plants and animals that lived then eventually died and decomposed. The majority of these life forms were ocean dwelling forms of plankton. When these ancient ocean dwellers died, they accumulated on the bottom of a seabed; this is how a good portion of our fossil fuel reserves began. The actual transformation process of these prehistoric creatures is not known, but scientists do know that the pressure, heat, and a great deal of time go into the making of fossil fuels. Geologists are fairly certain that the beds of organic remains mixed with silt and mud to form layers. Over time, mineral sedimentation formed on top of the organisms, effectively entombing them in rock. As this occurred, pressure and temperature increased, these conditions, and possibly other unknown factors, caused organic material to break down into the simpler form of hydrocarbons, which are chains of carbon and hydrogen ranging from simple configuration to complex compounds. Another affect of extreme pressure is that the oil and gas which are various mixtures of hydrocarbons raise upwards to the surface. Exactly when in the conversion process and the nature of this migration is not known and is subject to conjecture. Oil and gas are found in the ground, not freely drifting up through the earth. This is because the hydrocarbons come across rock formations that they are unable to penetrate. Complex rock structures that effectively trap gas and oil are formed by tectonic plate activity, the same forces that shift continents. The most common formation that accomplishes this is called an anticline, a dome or arched layer of rock that is impermeable by oil and gas.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever :: science

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever How would you like it if you died? Well that’s what’s happening to people in Africa. Their families die around them, spreading the deadly disease further into the ecosystem. Killing at will, this potent filovirus sweeps through villages with reckless abandon, destroying anything and everything in it’s way, and then just as mysteriously as it came, it disappears without a trace. Even with our modern technologies, we still don’t really know too much about this death sentence disguised as a virus. In the following, I will do my best to teach you about Ebola, its cousins, where it’s from, possible cures, effects, and so on. If we want to, we can find a cure. We control our destiny, and it’s up to us to find an anecdote to this killing machine. The Ebola virus is a highly contagious filovirus that can be transmitted by re-use of unsterilized syringes, needles, and directly transferring it by contact of bodily fluids that contain high levels, or "bricks" of virus. Aerosol transmission cannot be counted out, but water vapor containing secretions of Ebola are known to spread the infection. Seeing that Ebola can be spread in numerous ways, including being spread from animal to human, and visa-versa, monkey handlers who work with Ebola ridden monkeys have broken out with the infamous hemorragic fever. The animal-to-human spread of the virus has also killed off African tribes that eat animals with high titers of the deadly virus. Ebola is an infectious disease of many faces. It has strains, such as Mayinga, or Cardinal, which are mainly named after people, or places that they are discovered in. Strains are slightly different versions of a certain virus. Ebola’s three types that are known are: Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, and Ebola Reston. Ebola Zaire was first discovered in 1976 in Zaire. It is the deadliest disease of all of the Ebola strains with a 9 out of 10 kill rate (see fig. 1-1). Ebola Sudan kills over 1/2 of the people it comes in contact with. It was discovered in 1976 also. Ebola Reston was named after Reston, Virginia, which had a shipment of cynomolgus macaques, a type of monkey, infect a whole monkey house with Ebola. Ebola Reston has never killed anyone, but it killed 80% of the monkeys that it devastated. Ebola also has a very close cousin, Marburg. Under an electron microscope, they are clearly filoviradae.

The Birmingham Bombings: Views of Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackso

The Birmingham Bombings: Views of Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackson The bombings and marches in Birmingham Alabama were major concerns for all civil rights leaders. During the 50’s and 60’s, civil rights leaders fought against injustice in different ways. Some civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackson fought against injustice with a pen. In 1963 Martin Luther King wrote a letter titled, â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail†, and Jessie Jackson wrote, â€Å"Jets of Water Blast Civil Rights Demonstrators, Birmingham, 1963.† Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackson are two civil rights leaders of different generations, but with similar views concerning the Birmingham bombings. There is a noticeable age difference between Jackson and King, which results in two different perspectives. In Jessie Jackson’s article he wrote about past experiences, because his article was written years after the Birmingham events. Jackson was just a college student at the time of the Birmingham bombings. He only had himself to worry about, but he chose to make the nation...

Beauty Definition Essay

Beauty is one of the most prevalent themes in the world. But what is beauty exactly? According to the Oxford Dictionary beauty is A combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight. Based on the definition, one would assume that beauty is only on outward appearance but that statement is false. Beauty is not only appearance but it is also what people cannot see. Beauty is about being beautiful on the inside not just the outside. The media has fooled so many people into thinking the opposite. Beauty is not only outward appearance. People are not beautiful because they have the most expensive clothes or the shiniest hair. Beauty is not having the clearest skin; beauty is not about being thin; beauty is not having the fullest eyelashes; beauty is not about appearance at all. Many people look at allure as something they can obtain from putting a lot of time into their appearance. I remember in high school there was a girl nam ed Jenna; Jenna had all the coolest clothes and always made sure she looked good. I remember envying her for her shinny hair and perfect teeth. Everyone seemed convinced that this girl was beautiful even I. Until one day I was walking past a classroom, I could hear faint voices coming out and I knew that there wasn’t supposed to be anyone in the class. I creeped closer listening to the whispers when I immediately recognized a familiar voice. It was Jenna’s and she was saying horrible things about her â€Å"best friend†. At that moment I realized that Jenna wasn’t so beautiful after all. All the clothes and makeup could not hide the fact that she had an ugly soul. The soul is what makes people beautiful. Being alluring is far deeper than just being attractive; it is about being a good person. You cannot see beauty but you can see what makes people beautiful. The person who stops when they see a stray animal sitting in the sidewalk is beautiful. The person who gives their last dollar to the homeless man is beautiful. The person who goes out of their way to be friendly to everyone they meet is beautiful. The person who puts the greater good for humanity before the greater good for themselves is beautiful. Audrey Hepburn an actress in the 50’s was one of the very first actresses to recognize that beauty isn’t always just appearance. She states that â€Å"The beauty of a woman is not in the clothes she wears, the figure that she carries, or the way she combs her hair. The beauty of a woman is seen in her eyes, because that is the doorway  to her heart, the place where love resides. True beauty in a woman is reflected in her soul.† Todays media has done a terrific job in portraying allure as something that one can obtain from appearance. Media has convinced the world that beauty is only outward appearance. Today you cannot go five minutes without seeing a beauty ad; they’re everywhere. Turn on the television and you’ll see an ad for shampoo that shows a smiling girl claiming that her hair is now shinier. Drive down the street and you’ll see a billboard for an acne medication that claims it gives you ‘beautiful’ looking skin. These companies are preying on girls insecurities to make money. They claim that if you buy their product, you too can look beautiful. In reality no product can make a person beautiful because beauty is not something that you can see. Many girls look up to stars like Katy Perry, Hayden Panettiere and Emma Stone; all of who are advertising beauty products. When girls watch their favorite stars advertise makeup and other beauty products it gives the girls a false sense of beauty. It teaches our youth that by using a certain product then they can achieve beauty; if they wear a certain makeup then they will be â€Å"beautiful† like their favorite celebrities. Today’s media has put enormous pressure on young girls to be thin. Every commercial and billboard and magazine ad portrays a size zero model, always photoshopped. Young people look at these women and think that in order to be beautiful that they too have to be that thin leading to unhealthy decisions and life threatening illnesses. According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 24 million people in the United States alone suffer form some sort of eating disorder. 24 million people think that their body is not good enough to fit societies definition of beautiful. 24 million people think that the only way to be beautiful is by harming their bodies. This number can be lowered dramatically if media stopped putting the emphasis of beauty on physical appearance. Beauty is not outward appearance but inner appearance. Beauty is having a beautiful soul and being a good person all around. Media has given society a false view on what really is beautiful. The next time you find yourself judging someone based upon their looks think again; beauty is not just what you can see, its what you cannot.